Japan is a country that believes in getting along harmoniously — a good idea, considering that they have half the population of the U.S. crammed into an area the size of New Mexico. The Japanese have evolved a system of politeness that acts as a guide in many formal and business and some day-to-day situations, which consists of two parts. The first is that you should act in a humble way, keeping strong opinions to yourself in certain situations and deflecting praise others might direct at you away from yourself (“no, this cake I baked isn’t delicious at all, please have some”). You then raise up others to a higher position than you — say, someone you’re doing business with, a customer in your shop, or a guest in your home — with special language, called “exalting” speech. Certain common phrases, like irasshaimase (ee-rah-shai-MAH-say, meaning “welcome”), which is what employees in a business say to customers as they come in, are based on this formal system of politeness. Of course, Japan isn’t always such a well-mannered place, and you can verify this by going to a supermarket and watching the middle-aged women beat each other for the last tray of sashimi, but by and large, politeness plays a big part of getting along in Japan.
